Amabwirizwa y'Incuro z'Ibikorwa vya RFID n'Ibikoresho vy'Imirongo

1, incuro nke (kuva kuri 125KHz gushika kuri 134Kz)
Nkako, ubuhinga bwa RFID bwatanguye gukoreshwa cane kandi butera imbere mu mirongo mikeyi. Ivyo bikoresho bikoreshwa cane cane biciye mu gukorana, ivyo bikaba bisobanura ko hariho ingaruka y’ugufatanya hagati y’umusomyi n’umurongo w’ivyuma. Ico gikoresho giterwa n’umuriro mu gitereko ca inductor biciye mu nzira y’uguhinduranya y’umusomyi kiratunganijwe kandi gishobora gukoreshwa nk’umuriro w’amashanyarazi. Uburebure bw’ubutaka bw’amabuye y’agaciro burashobora gusobanurwa neza, ariko inkomezi z’umurima ziragabanuka cane.

Utuntu dutandukanye:
(1) Incuro rusangi y’ibikorwa vy’ibimenyetso bikoresha ku mirongo mike biva kuri 120Kz gushika kuri 134Kz, mu gihe incuro TI ikora ni 134.2KHz. Uburebure bw’umuvuduko w’iyi band ni nk’iminota 2500
(2) Uretse ingaruka z’ibikoresho vy’ivyuma, incuro nke zishobora guca mu bintu vy’ikintu ico ari co cose ata kugabanya urugendo rwavyo rwo gusoma.
(3) Nta n’imwe ibuza abasomyi n’abanditsi bakora ku ncuro ntoyi kw’isi yose.
(4) Ibintu vy’incuro nke biza mu buryo butandukanye bwo gupfunyika. Uburyo bwiza bwo gupfunyika burazimvye cane, ariko burafise ubuzima bw’imyaka irenga 10.
(5) Naho akarere k’ibarabara ry’amabuye y’agaciro kari muri iyo nkuru kagabanuka cane, gashobora gutuma haba akarere k’ugusoma n’ukwandika rimwe gusa.
(6) Ugereranije n’ibintu vya RFID mu bindi bice vy’incuro, igipimo c’ugutanga amakuru muri iki gice c’incuro kiragenda buhoro.
(7) Igiciro c’ibimenyetso ni vyinshi cane ugereranije n’ibindi bice vy’incuro.

Ibikoresho nyamukuru: Uburyo bwo gucunga ibikoko; Ikoreshwa ry’imodoka anti-Ubusuma n’uburyo bwo gufungura urugi rutagira urufunguzo; Ikoreshwa ry’uburyo bwo gutwara marathon; Ivy’ugutoranya amapikipiki n’uburyo bwo gucunga imodoka; Gukoresha uburyo bwo gusubiza amavuta mu buryo bwikora; Gukoresha uburyo bwo gufunga urugi rw’amahoteli, uburyo bwo kugenzura no gucunga umutekano.

Ingingo ngenderwako mpuzamakungu zihuye:
Ikoreshwa rya ISO1784 RFID mu vyo gushaza ibikoko - ubuhinga bwo gukora amakode;
Gukoresha ISO1785 RFID mu vyo guhinga - Ivyiyumviro vy’ubuhinga;
Ikoreshwa rya ISO14223-1 RFID mu vyo kwinonora imitsi - Interface y’Indege;
Ikoreshwa rya ISO14223-2 RFID mu vyo guhinga - Insobanuro y’Itegeko;
ISO18000-2 isobanura igice c’umubiri, ukwirinda gutomboka, n’amasezerano y’uguhanahana amakuru ku mirongo mike;
DIN 30745 ni ahanini ingingo ngenderwako y’i Buraya yo gusobanura ibikorwa vyo gucunga imyanda.

2, incuro nyinshi (incuro zikoreshwa ni 13.56MHz)
Ivyo bikoresho vy’incuro ntibigisaba ko ama coils akomereka, kandi ama antene ashobora gukorwa biciye mu gusenya canke gucapura. Ivyo bikoresho muri rusangi bikora biciye mu guhindura umuzigo. Ni ukuvuga, mu kuzimya no kuzimya ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’umuzigo ku gikoresho, umuriro uri ku nzira y’umusomyi/wandika urahindurwa, ugashika ku guhindura uburemere bw’umuriro w’antene hakoreshejwe igikoresho co gutahura ibintu kiri kure. Iyo abantu bagenzura over over vol voltage biciye mu makuru, rero aya makuru ashobora gutanga kuva ku bimenyetso vy’ibimenyetso gushika ku basomyi n’abanditsi.

Utuntu dutandukanye:
(1) Incuro y’ibikorwa ni 13.56MHz, kandi uburebure bw’umuvuduko w’ico gihe ni nk’iminota 22.
(2) Uretse ibikoresho vy’ivyuma, uburebure bw’umuvuduko muri iyo nkuru burashobora guca mu bikoresho vyinshi, ariko kenshi buragabanya urugendo rwo gusoma.
(3) Iryo tsinda ry’incuro ryemewe kw’isi yose ata n’imwe itegekanijwe idasanzwe.
(4) Muri rusangi abaseruzi bari mu buryo bw’ibimenyetso vy’ubuhinga bwa none.
(5) Naho akarere k’ibarabara ry’amabuye y’agaciro kari muri iyo nkuru kagabanuka cane, gashobora gutuma haba akarere k’ugusoma n’ukwandika rimwe gusa.
(6) Ubuhinga bufise ibiranga - Ibiranga ugushushanya kandi bishobora gusoma ibimenyetso vyinshi vy’ubuhinga bwa none icarimwe.
(7) Amakuru amwe amwe ashobora kwandikwa mu bimenyetso.
(8) Umuvuduko w’ugutanga amakuru uranyaruka kuruta hasi- incuro, kandi igiciro ntigizimvye cane.

Ibikoresho nyamukuru: gukoresha uburyo bwo gucunga ububiko bw’ibitabu; Uburongozi n’ugukoresha ivyuma vy’ivyuma vya Vance; Uburongozi n’ugukoresha imirongo y’uguhingura imyambaro n’uburyo bwo gukora; Uburyo bwo kwishura bwa metero zitatu; Uburongozi n’ugukoresha amafunguro y’umuryango w’amahoteli; Uburyo bwinshi bw’abakozi b’inama; Uburyo bwo gucunga umutungo utunganijwe; Uburongozi n’ugukoresha uburyo bwo gutegura imiti; Gucungera ama etageri afise ubwenge.

Ingingo ngenderwako mpuzamakungu zihuye:
ISO/IEC 14443 hafi y’ikarita ya IC, n’urugendo rwo gusoma rwo hejuru rwa 10cm;
ISO/IEC 15693 sparse ifatanijwe n’ikarata ya IC, n’urugendo rwo gusoma rwo hejuru rwa 1m;
ISO/IEC 18000-3 isobanura igice c’umubiri, ubuhinga bwo guhangana n’ibintu, n’imirongo ngenderwako y’uguhanahana amakuru y’uburyo bwa 13.56MHz;
13.56MHz ISM Insobanuro 13.56MHz ihuye n'insobanuro ya EPC.

3, incuro nyinshi (incuro zikoresha hagati ya 860MHz na 960MHz)
Ivyuma vy’incuro nyinshi vy’incuro nyinshi bitanga inguvu biciye mu nzira y’umuyagankuba. Inguvu z’ibarabara ry’umuyagankuba ntizigabanya ningoga cane, ariko aho hantu hasomye ntikisobanurwa neza. Urugendo rwo gusoma rw’uwo murongo w’incuro ruri kure cane, kandi rushobora gushika nk’iminota 10 ata n’inkomoko. Ahanini bishikwako biciye mu gukorana n’abantu.

 

Utuntu dutandukanye:
(1) Muri iyo nzira y’incuro, insobanuro y’isi yose ntihuye cane - incuro zisobanurwa mu Buraya kandi ibice bimwebimwe vyo muri Aziya ni 868MHz, incuro zisobanurwa muri Amerika ya ruguru iri hagati ya 902 na 905MHz, kandi umurongo w’incuro usabwa mu Buyapani uri hagati ya 950 na 956. Uburebure bw’iyi nzira y’incuro ni nk’ibice 30.
(2) Muri iki gihe, ubushobozi bw’iri tsinda ry’incuro busobanurwa mu buryo bumwe (risobanurwa nka 4W muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na 500mW mu Buraya). Birashoboka ko amategeko y’Uburaya azoduga ashika ku 20000 EIRP.
(3) Ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama mu murongo w’incuro ultra{1}} Ntishobora guca mu bikoresho vyinshi, cane cane ibice vyahagaritswe nk’amazi, inkungugu, igihu, n’ibindi.Igereranye n’ibimenyetso vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’ubuhinga bwa none, ibimenyetso vy’ubuhinga bwa none muri iri tsinda ry’incuro ntibikeneye gutandukanywa n’ivyuma.
(4) antene y’ibimenyetso vy’ubuhinga bwa none muri rusangi ni ndende kandi ikaba ifise ibara. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw’imigero ya antene, umurongo n’umurongo w’uruziga, kugira ngo bashobore gushitsa ivyo ibikorwa bitandukanye bikenewe.
(5) Iryo tsinda ry’incuro rifise urugendo rwiza rwo gusoma, ariko biragoye gusobanura ahantu h’ugusoma.
(6) Ifise igipimo kinini co gutanga amakuru kandi ishobora gusoma umubare munini w’ibimenyetso vy’ubuhinga bwa none mu gihe gito cane.

Ibikoresho nyamukuru: uburongozi n’ugukoresha mu ruhererekane rw’ibikoresho; Uburongozi n’ugukoresha ubuhinga bwo gukora; Uburongozi n’ugukoresha ibikoresho vyo mu kirere; Uburongozi n’ugukoresha ibikoresho; Uburongozi n’ugukoresha ibibanza vy’amagariyamoshi; Gukoresha uburyo bwo gucunga ibikoresho.
ISO/IEC 18000-6 isobanura umurongo w’umubiri n’umurongo w’ivy’uguhanahana amakuru ku bijanye n’incuro nyinshi cane; Igikoresho c'umuyaga gisobanura ibice bibiri: TypeA na TypeB; Gushigikira ibikorwa vyose bishobora gusomwa no kwandika.
EPCglobal isobanura imiterere y’ibintu vy’ubuhinga bwa none, hamwe n’imiterere y’umuyaga n’itumanaho. Nk’akarorero: Ishure 1UHF Gen2.
UbiquitousID ni ishirahamwe mu Buyapani risobanura uburyo bwo gushiramwo amakuru n’ubuhinga bwo gucunga amakuru.
Mu gihe kizoza, ultra{0}} ibintu vyinshi bizokoreshwa cane.