125kHz vs 13.56MHz: Igiciro c'Ivyemezo vy'Ukugenzura Ukwinjira

125kHz vs 13.56MHz: Igiciro c'Ivyemezo vy'Ukugenzura Ukwinjira

 

Amasegonda cumi n’atanu kugira ngo ukore clone y’urufunguzo rwa 125kHz. Ishirahamwe ry’umutekano rya ICT ryagerageje ivyo mu 2023 n’igikoresho ca Amazon c’amadolari 30-kifungura igisandugu kugira ngo gikoreshe igice c’inyuma, amasegonda cumi n’atanu. Raporo yabo "Ikibazo c'ikarita y'ubucuti bwa 125kHz" irabereye gusoma nimba ushaka uburyo bwo kubikora.

 

Turabazwa ivyerekeye uguhitamwo incuro ubudasiba kuri Syntek. Abarongoye amasoko bashaka inyishu yoroshe, kandi nta n’imwe iriho. Incuro ni zo zigena fizike. Guhitamwo chip ni vyo bigena umutekano. Uburyo bwo gukora ni bwo bugena nimba ivyemezo bimara imyaka itanu canke bikabura inyuma y’amezi atandatu. Ivyo ni ingingo zitandukanye.

 

 

Ku 125kHz, imipfunda y’umuyagankuba ifatanya mu buryo bw’inkomezi hagati y’antene y’urufunguzo n’igisomyi. Gufatanya bishikamye. Amazi ntagabanya cane. Ivyuma ntibituma habaho uburyo bwo gutera ingorane ubona ku mirongo myinshi-ni co gituma ubugenzuzi bwo gushika mbere bushingiye ku buhinga bwa LF.

Turacariko turagurisha amafunguro EM4100. Benshi muri bo. Ukwinjira mu mazi, gutandukanya uturere tw'imbere, ivyemezo vy'umukozi w'igihe gito. Hariho ibihe vy'ikoreshwa vyemewe aho umupaka w'umutekano wemewe kandi akamaro k'igiciro gahambaye-$0.15-0.30 ku kimwe cose ku rugero rw'umubare ugereranije na $2.50+ ku bice vy'umutekano vya HF.

 

Ntituzobagira inama yo kwinjira mu nyubakwa y’intango. Ivyo gushirwa ahabona n’amahera ntibibereye ivyo uzigamye.

 

Kwimukira kuri 13.56MHz ntibica bitorera umuti ingorane z’umutekano.

 

MIFARE Classic ni yo yari ikigereranyo c’inganda mu myaka myinshi. ISO14443A yubahiriza, 1KB canke 4KB y’ukwibuka, ishigikiwe cane. Ivyo bikoresho vya Crypto1 vyasa n’ibihagije. Abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Radboud barayivunye mu 2008-ubugoyagoye bw’ishimikiro bw’ubuhinga bwo gukingira amakuru, nta n’imwe ishobora gukosorwa. Telefone Android ifise igikoresho ca kera ca MIFARE irashobora gukora clone y’ivyo bimenyetso ubu.

 

Twohereza Classic-ihuye n'ibikoresho vy'imfunguruzo kugira ngo bibe vyiza. Nimba inyubakwa yawe ifise abasomyi 50 bakoresha MIFARE Classic kandi ata ngengo y’imari yo gusubiramwo, kugura ama keyfobs mashasha ya Classic birafise insiguro. Kuzisubirira na DESFire ntibizofasha iyo abasomyi badashobora gukora ivyemezo vy'ukuri vy'ibanga uko biri kwose.

Amahitamwo ya HF atekanye: MIFARE Plus mu buryo bwa SL3 na AES ikoreshwa, DESFumuriro EV2, DESFumuriro EV3. Vyose bishira mu ngiro AES -128. DESFire EV2 na EV3 zifise icemezo ca EAL5+ ku gukoresha bishingiye ku kwubahiriza amategeko.

 

Igifunguzo ca DESFire kuri sisitemu idatunganijwe neza nta mutekano utanga kurusha EM4100. Ivyo ikigo ca Flipper Zero caravyanditse mu gihe c’isesengura ryabo ryo mu 2023 ry’amasezerano ya RFID: uburyo bwinshi bwo kugenzura uruja n’uruza buravyemeza hakoreshejwe inomero y’urutonde rw’ikarata gusa, mbere n’aho hashizweho abasomyi ba DESFire. CSN ntaco ipfutse, ishobora gusomwa n’igikoresho cose ca NFC. Igikoresho co gufungura c’amadolari 4 DESFire cemeza biciye ku CSN gikora ku rwego rw’umutekano rwa LF rw’amadolari 0.20.

 

Turasaba abaguzi kwemeza imiterere y'umusomyi imbere yo gusubiramwo. "Mbega sisitemu yawe yemeza ikoresheje amakuru y'umuce yashizwemwo amakuru, canke CSN gusa?" Niba batazi, tubabwira ngo bamenye imbere yo gukoresha amahera ku vyemezo vy’ubuhinga bwa premium.

 

Igiciro c'ivyemezo vya RFID n'ubukazi kitari-umurongo n'umubare.

 

Ubwoko bwa Chip	Ibice 100	Ibice 1.000	5,000+ ibice
EM4100/TK4100 (125KHz)	$0.80-1.50	$0.25-0.40	$0.15-0.25
T5577 ishobora kwandikwa kandi (125kHz)	$1.20-2.00	$0.45-0.70	$0.30-0.50
MIFARE ya kera 1K (13.56MHz)	$1.00-2.00	$0.40-0.80	$0.30-0.60
Umuriro EV2 (13.56MHz)	$4.00-6.00	$2.50-3.50	$2.00-3.00
EV3 y'umuriro (13.56MHz)	$5.00-8.00	$3.00-4.50	$2.50-3.50

 

Umucungerezi w'itongo asaba ama keyfobs 200 ariha nk'incuro 3 ku nzu kurusha uwusaba 2.000. Abakoresha imbuga nyinshi-bakoranya amasoko mu mitungo yose. Amashirahamwe afise inzinguzingu zishobora gusubirizwa zishobora gutegurwa imbere y’igihe ibitabu vy’umwaka.

 

T5577 ifise ikibanza kidasanzwe. Udakunze -UID zidahinduka, ni umurima{3}}ushobora gutegurwa n'ibice 330 vy'ububiko bushobora guhindurwa-bishobora kwigana EM4100, HID Prox, Indala, n'izindi porotokole nyinshi. Ivyuma bicungera uburyo bwa kera buva ku baguzi benshi, abafatanyabikorwa bakeneye gusubira gutunganya urubuga: T5577 itanga uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu bishobora gutuma habaho igiciro gitoyi kuruta EM4100. Ijambobanga ry’ibice 32 ntirikomeye ku rugero rwa none, ariko rihagarika gukora cloning idasanzwe.

 

Ubwiza bwo gukora niho ama keyfobs atari menshi ananirwa.

Ubwiza bw’iyo ferrite, ukuri kw’uguzingira, uguhuza kw’ivyuma -ivyo ni vyo bigaragaza nimba urufunguzo rusoma neza mu bigereranyo bitandukanye vy’abasomyi.

 

Ku 13.56MHz, antene isanzwe icuzwe n’umuringa ku gicapo ca PCB. Ivyiyumviro vy’uguhingura bikomeye cane, ariko incuro z’ijwi zirakunda gushikirwa n’ibintu bidukikije. Gutera urufunguzo rwa HF ku rufunguzo rw’icuma, antene irahagarika amajwi, urugero rwo gusoma rugabanuka 30-50%. Abahinguzi b’ibintu vyiza barasubiza inyuma mu guhingura antene kandi bagasuzuma n’igerageza rya VNA mu gihe c’uguhingura.

 

Twabonye ibice biva ku bagurisha ibiciro bito-bifise ibiharuro vy'ibinenge biri hejuru ya 8%. Ku madolari 0.10 make ku kintu, ivyo si ukuzigama-ni igiciro co gufasha girungikwa ku mukiriya.

 

Uruzitiro ni rwo ruhambaye. ABS plastique ni ingingo ngenderwako y’inganda: guhangana n’ingaruka, ugushikama kw’imiti, uguseruka kwa RF. Ivyuma vy’i PP bihendutse birasaduka mu bihe vy’ubukonje. Twarafise abaguzi bo mu Buraya bwo mu buraruko bamenya ivyo igihe ubushuhe bwo mu kwezi kwa kigarama bwatuma basaba garanti mu bikorwa vyabo vyose.

 

Ku bikoresho vyo hanze: IP65 ifata imvura n’inkungugu, IP68 ni yo ishobora gukoreshwa mu kwibira mu mazi. Itandukaniro ry'igiciro ni $0.15-0.25 ku kimwe cose. Gusimbuka iyo nzira yo guhindura no gusubirira ivyemezo vyononekaye n’amazi biratwara amahera menshi.

 

Ivyerekeye ubucuruzi vyo guhindura LF y’iragi gushika ku gucungera HF bivana cane n’aho umuntu ari.

 

Raporo ya IBM yerekeye igiciro c’uguhonyanga amakuru 2024: igiciro c’uguhonyanga amakuru ku madolari 4.88 miliyoni kw’isi yose, ivyemezo vy’uburenganzira bwa muntu vyahungabanijwe nk’igitero ca mbere gisanzwe. GenX Security Solutions yasohoye inyigisho yerekana 300% ROI mu myaka itanu ku kigo c’ubuhinga-ahanini biciye mu kugabanya ibihombo vy’ubusuma. Amahoteli akoresha amakarata y’urufunguzo rwa RFID atanga raporo y’amadolari 11-20 ku rufunguzo ku mwaka mu kuzigama kubera ukugabanya ubusuma bw’ivyemezo, nk’uko bigaragara mu giharuro ca LEGIC. Iminyororo minini indika amadolari 6+ miliyoni mu myaka itatu.

 

Izi ni inkuru z'uguterimbere zatowe. Imigambi na yo nyene irananirwa. Twarabonye ivyiza vyatwaye amahera menshi kuruta uko vyari biteguwe, vyatwaye igihe kirekire kuruta uko vyari biteguwe, bisaba ko abasomyi basubirizwa hanze y’aho vyari biteguwe. ROI ivana n’ibintu vyihariye: ibikorwa remezo biriho, ibidukikije bitera ubwoba, igipimo co gusubirira, uburyo bwo gucunga umugambi.

 

Itandukaniro ry’igiciro hagati y’ivyemezo bitekanye n’ibidatekanye ryaragabanutse cane. DESFire EV2 yagura amadolari 8-10 imwe yose mu 2019 ubu ni amadolari 2.50-3.50 ku rugero.

 

Ivyuma vy'incuro zibiri -bishiramwo ama antene yompi 125kHz na 13.56MHz. Turabihingura. Turacisha bugufi abaguzi ngo ntibabisobanure kiretse hari umugambi utomoye wo guhindura.

 

Antene zibiri ziri hafi cane zirafatanya, zigatuma zompi zitagira amajwi. Ibisabwa vyo gutandukana ku mubiri birongereza vyinshi. Buri antene itegerezwa gutunganirizwa neza, ugusenyera ku mugozi umwe muri imwe biragira ico bikoze ku yindi. Uguhingura ibintu bigoranye birongereza igitigiri c’amakosa. Igiciro ca 40-60% ku nkuru imwe kenshi gitanga ibikorwa bitari vyo ku nkuru zompi.

Ku nyubakwa z'abakodesha benshi-zifise uburyo butandukanye ku bibanza bitandukanye, ivyemezo bitandukanye ni vyo bikora cane. Ivyiza bike, bikora neza, bitwara amahera make uko igihe kigenda kirarenga.

 

Ibisobanuro bihambaye, bishingiye ku kunanirwa kw'ugushiraho twabonye:

 

 

Ku bikorwa bishasha aho umutekano uhambaye: DESFire EV2 ku 13.56MHz. EV3 yongerako ivyiza bike ku biciro vy'imbere-bigoye gushingira intahe hanze ya Leta canke uburinzi bw'umutungo w'agaciro kanini-. Wemeze ivyemezo vy'umuce washizwemwo amakuru, si CSN-gusa. Ingingo y’imari $2.50-4.00 ku keyfob ku rugero.

 

Ku bijanye n’ugucungera LF y’iragi aho guhindura bidashoboka: EM4100 canke TK4100 ku bijanye n’uguhuza kwizigirwa kugiciro gitoyi. Wemere umupaka w’umutekano n’umutima ukunze. Ukeneye gusubiramwo porogaramu ku rubuga? Ishura amafaranga makeyi ku T5577.

 

Ku mpinduka: abasomyi b'ubuhinga bwinshi-aho gukoresha amafunguro y'incuro zibiri-. Igiciro c'umusomyi ni igihe kimwe-; keyfob premium isubira inyuma n'ivyemezo vyose bisohotse.

 

Ntugasobanure cane -. Twarasubiyemwo imigambi isaba DESFire EV3 n'ububiko bwa 8KB ku mirongo y'abanyamuryango b'ivy'imyimenyerezo-$4+ ku rufunguzo ku bushobozi batazokwigera bakoresha. DESFire EV2 ifise 2KB ku madolari 2.50 itanga ibikorwa bisa n’ivyo kuri iyo porogarama.

 

Ntushire munsi y'-navyo. Injira y’inyubako y’intango ifise ivyemezo vya EM4100 ni ingingo y’umutekano, yaba ifashwe n’umutima canke atari yo. Iyo umuntu akoze clone ya keyfob akayironka, ikibazo "kubera iki twariko turakoresha ubuhinga bwa clone ataco bumaze?" izoza.

 

Guhitamwo incuro ntibigoye iyo umaze gutandukanya ingingo: fizike n’umutekano n’uburyo bwo gukora. Ivyinshi bitera urujijo biva ku kwamamaza kubihuza, canke amasoko yibanze ku giciro c’ibintu ataco yiyumvira ku giciro cose c’ubutunzi.

 

Gukora biciye mu ngingo yo gutuma umuntu akora? Turahitamwo kugufasha gusobanura neza imbere aho gukosora sisitemu idahuye mu nyuma.

Ibiciro vyerekana muri Mukakaro 2025 ibiciro vy'ingero, bitandukanye bivanye n'ubunini n'ibisabwa vyo gushiramwo amakuru. Ku bijanye n’ibiciro vy’umugambi, bwira abagurisha n’ibisabwa vy’umubare n’ibisobanuro vy’ibikorwa remezo.