Ni gute amakarata y’urufunguzo y’amahoteli RFID n’amapakete y’urufunguzo yoherezwamwo atekanye?
Jul 08, 2026
Sima ubutumwa
Igipfukisho si co gice c'umutekano
Ivyiyumviro vyinshi vyo kugura amasoko y’abashitsi ku bijanye n’ipaki y’urufunguzo bitangura kandi bikarangira ku mpapuro: uburemere bw’ibintu, gutera ikidodo ku mpapuro, amabara angahe ikimenyetso gikeneye, igiciro ku gihumbi. Ivyo biratahurwa. Ipakete ni igice umushitsi akorako n’igice ikimenyetso cawe kigaragarako, kandi ni igice hafi ataco gihuriyeko n’uko icumba kiguma gipfutse.
Mu mwaka w’2024, abashakashatsi berekanye ko umuryango munini w’ingufuri z’amahoteli ushobora gufungurwa n’ikarita imwe yose yigeze gusohoka ku bijanye n’iyo nzu, nshasha canke yarangije igihe, hakoreshejwe igikoresho co gusoma-candika gifise agaciro k’amadolari 300, kikaba gikora ku miryango igera ku miriyoni 3 kw’isi yose (000).Ikinyamakuru ca RFID). Nta na kimwe muri ivyo cari kijanye n’igitambaro iyo karata yinjiyemwo. Yava ku gicapo c’ibarabara n’ubuhinga bwo kwemeza ko ari ukuri.
Rero ugugura kurasubira kwishingira ikibazo kimwe. Igikoresho co gufata ikarita y'urufunguzo gifise ikimenyetso, gicapwe neza-kizingirijwe ku gice c'umubiri gifise intege nke, n'ubu ni uburyo bugoyagoya. Bisa gusa n’ivy’umwuga cane mu gihe bibura. Igihambaye imbere y’uko itegeko ryo kugura risohoka si uko iyo pake isa, ni ivyo irimwo be n’uko iyo chip ihuye n’ibarabara ry’ugufunga riri ku miryango yawe. Ukwo ni kwo gukurikirana iyi nkuru ikurikira.
Ipakete y'urufunguzo, Igikoresho co gufata ikarita y'urufunguzo, canke ibahasha y'urufunguzo - Ni irihe mu vy'ukuri uriko uragura?
Ijambo rirarengeje urugero gatoyi, birabereye gukuraho imbere yo gusobanura ikintu cose. Mu bijanye n’ubucuti, urufunguzo (rwitwa kandi ibahasha ry’ikarata y’urufunguzo, igikapu c’ikarata y’urufunguzo, canke dosiye y’ikarata y’urufunguzo) ni urupapuro rwacapuwe canke ikarata-ifise ububiko urufunguzo rw’icumba rucamwo igihe umuntu yinjiye. Irinda iyo karata ngo ntiyipfuke canke ngo ivemwo amabuye y’agaciro, igatuma abajejwe imbere bashobora kwandika inomero y’icumba, kandi ikaba ifise ikimenyetso c’iyo nzu. Ku bwayo nta gikorwa c’ubuhinga bwa none ifise.
Ibintu bibiri bitafitaniye isano birasangiye amazina asa kandi rimwe na rimwe bigaragara mu bisubizo bimwe vy'ubushakashatsi: urufunguzo rw'umubiri rukoreshwa mu gusuzuma ivy'ubutunzi- (rimwe na rimwe "amapaki y'urufunguzo rw'umugenzuzi"), n'amapaki y'imiti y'ibitoke -agurishwa mu mazina nka Key{}Pa{2. Iyo urutonde rugufi rw’abaguzi rurimwo kimwe muri ivyo, bariko baratorera umuti ingorane itandukanye, bibereye gutanga ibendera kare kugira ngo RFP y’ikarita y’urufunguzo rwinshi ntiyigere igira urujijo.
Ku kintu cose gikurikira, dushaka kuvuga verisiyo y’ubwakiranyi: igipfukisho c’impapuro, kandi, ikiruta vyose, ikarita ya RFID canke y’umurongo w’amabuye y’agaciro-ija muri yo.
Ingingo zibiri zigena vy’ukuri umutekano: Igitigiri c’ivyuma n’uguhuza kw’ifunguro
Igihe iyo paketi ivuye ku meza nk’ikintu co gucungera umutekano, ugugura kumanuka ku bintu bibiri: ni igice ikihe kiri imbere muri iyo karata, n’uko iyo chip ikora encoding ihuye n’urubuga rwawe rwo gufunga. Saflok, Onity, Dormakaba, n’izindi nzira zisa n’izo, imwe yose yitega ko amakuru atandukanye gatoyi ku ikarita.
Ivyo bisa n’ibitagira akamaro ku rupapuro rw’ibisobanuro. Aha niho vyahagaritse kuba ubusa ku mutungo umwe. Igitero c’amakarata 500 kija mu ruhererekane rw’ibibanza vy’uburuhukiro vyo muri Aziya y’amajepfo yasomye neza ku gisomwa c’ivyerekanwa ku ntebe yacu: urumuri rw’icatsi kibisi, ugusoma gufise ishingiro, ikarita yose. Ku kibanza, ikarita yose yatera "ikarata idakora" ku muryango. Imisi ibiri y’ugupima kure yatumye bishika ku guhindura porogarama y’ubuhinga bwa none (firmware update) umuhinguzi w’ingufuri yari yashizeho amezi nk’atatu imbere y’aho vyahinduye ingene umubare w’igenzura ry’umuce wemezwa; umurongo w'ugushiramwo amakuru twari twahawe wari warawubanjirije. Ivyo bikoresho vy’amakarata be n’ivyo gucapura vyari bitagira agasembwa. Inzugi n’ubu ntizari zikingutse. Ico kinogo kiri hagati y'"ugusoma ku ntebe" n'"ugufungura urugi" ni ho nyene amategeko y'ikarata y'urufunguzo y'ahoteri anti-clone aja nabi mu gacerere.
Ugukomera na kwo nyene kuvuga inkuru nk’iyo, kandi ntukeneye kuyifata ku kwizera; ryerekana mu nzira yo gusubira gutondeka. Nk’ikigereranyo c’inganda, amakarata y’imirongo y’amabuye y’agaciro akenera gusubirwamwo mu mezi 6–12 y’urugendo rwinshi rw’abashitsi, mu gihe amakarata ya RFID akodeshejwe neza akenshi akora imyaka 2–3 munsi y’umuzigo umwe. Igiciro c'ikarita -kigomba gusubirwamwo incuro zitatu kenshi ntigihendutse; ni ingingo y'amahera-igenda yambaye imyambaro y'igiciro c'umugwi-.
Uko amakarata y'urufunguzo rw'amahoteli akomorwa mu murima
Ni vyiza gutahura uburyo bigenda, kuko "amakarata ya RFID ashobora guhindurwa" avugwa nk'ukuri gusanzwe atakubera iki, nakubera ikini co kikubwira amakarata ari mu kaga mu vy’ukuri.
Ikibazo ca kera kandi gikwiragiye cane kiva ku gitabu ca MIFARE Classic cipher Crypto-1, ico abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Radboud bahinduye kuva mu 2008 (Ububiko bw'icapa rya IACR). Amakarata ari kuri uwo muryango w’ibice vyemezwa n’umugambi umaze imyaka irenga cumi uvunitse ku mugaragaro, yamara, kubera ko ibikoresho vyinshi vyashizweho bivana na vyo, biracariko biragendagenda ku bibanza bitigeze bivugururwa.
Ikibazo gishasha kandi kidasanzwe carabonetse mu 2024: igice casohowe canecane kugira ngo gifunge ibihengeri vya kera vy’uguhingura (FM11RF08S) carabonetse ko gifise akaga kaco bwite k’urugero rw’ibikoresho, kikareka umuterabwoba afise iminota mikeyi yo gushika ku ikarita imwe agakuraho umutungo wose (Amakuru y'abasuma). Ivyo gutwara si "kwirinda iyo nkuru imwe." Ni uko ikimenyetso co kwamamaza c'igice ("cavuguruwe," "cashizwemwo," "uruvyaro rukurikira-") ntaco gisubirira kugenzura uburyo nyabwo bwo kwemeza. Ikarata yizigira ikindi kintu kirenze ID y’ikarita idahinduka, ata guhinduranya amakuru hagati y’ikarata n’ingufu, ni yo yoroshe kuruta izindi zose kwisubiriza n’ibikoresho vy’ibicuruzwa bihendutse, uko igipapuro covuga cose. Nimba guca ku muryango ari igice c’akarorero kawe k’iterabwoba, uwo ni umurongo utandukanye. A akinzweRFID{0}}ibuza ikaritaivuga ku gufata ibintu, atari uguhingura ibintu, kandi ivyo bibiri biguma bitera urujijo.
Gusobanura ikarita itekanye: AES, MIFARE Plus SL3, n'ukwemezanya
Ivyo gukosora ntibigoye iyo igice c’ibarabara kigaragara neza, kandi ntaco bihuriyeko n’urufunguzo ikarita irungikwamwo. umusomyi yizigira indangamuntu iyo ari yo yose ikarata yerekana.
| Ubwoko bwa Chip | Uburyo bwo kwemeza | Uguhangana n'uguhingura | Ikoreshwa risanzwe uno musi |
|---|---|---|---|
| UID-gusa / hafi y'ishimikiro | Indangamuntu idahinduka gusa | Hasi cane | Iragi, ririko rirakurwaho |
| MIFARE ya kera (Ibanga-1) | Igiharuro c'umunyagihugu, cavunitse kuva mu 2008 | Hasi | Ishingiro rinini ryashizweho, gusubiramwo umukandida |
| MIFARE yongeyeko SL3. | AES-128, kwemezanya | Hejuru | Inzira y'iterabwoba ku mitungo myinshi |
| DESFumuriro EV-urutonde | AES-128 / 3DES, kwemezanya | Hejuru | Mutekano mwinshi - canke gushirwaho kw'ibikorwa vyinshi - |
AES-128 ubu ifatwa hirya no hino mu bijanye n'ugushikira -ubugenzuzi bw'inganda nk'ibidashoboka mu buryo bw'ubuhinga bw'ibarabara ku nguvu z'ububisha-n'ibikoresho vy'abaguzi canke vy'ubudandaji biriho, ni co gituma MIFARE Plus SL3 yabaye ikibanza co hagati gikoreshwa ku bikoresho vyimuka biva ku nzira ya kera {0 DESFumuriro. Ariko iyo mpanuro ifise ivyangombwa benshi mu baguha ibikoresho batazovyura mu izina ryawe: SL3 ifasha gusa iyo porogarama yawe y’ingufu zashizweho ishigikira vy’ukuri kuyisoma ku rugero rw’umutekano uriko uriha. Uburyo bwo kwemeza ivyo si ukwemera urupapuro rw’amakuru rw’ibice; ni ugusaba inomero ya verisiyo ya firmware yanditswe y'urufunguzo maze ukagira ikarita y'akarorero igeragezwa kuri iyo firmware nyayo imbere y'uko usohoka. Gusaba amakarita ya SL3 ku ngufuri zikiri zitunganijwe ku gusoma ku rugero rwa kera ni uburyo busanzwe iyo migambi ihagarara, kandi haracariho ikibanza kinini cane c'ibikoresho vya kera vya MIFARE mu murima kugira ngo iryo kosa rigume ryoroshe gukora. Aha ni ho kandi porogarama y’ikarata y’urufunguzo rw’ahoteri itekanye be n’iyihuye .Urufunguzo rwa RFIDcredential belong in the same spec, rero abakozi n’abashitsi bashobora gushika ku rugero rumwe rw’ibarabara aho gukoresha ikarita ikomeye ifatanijwe n’ibarabara rigoyagoya.
Amakosa atatu yo gutanga amasoko atwara incuro zibiri
Ivyitegererezo bikeyi vyerekana kenshi bihagije hirya no hinoamategeko y'ikarita y'urufunguzo rw'ahoteriko bibereye kwitwa ataco bimaze, kuko umwe wese akunda kuvumburwa gusa inyuma y’aho amakarata arungitswe.
Ica mbere ni ukugereranya abaguzi gusa ku -ikarata ataco ubajije igiciro kirimwo igiciro; amajambo abiri hafi-asa ashobora guserukira ivyicaro vy'umutekano bitandukanye cane.
Ntukemere ivyizigiro vy’amajambo hano. Basabe inomero nyayo y'igice ca chip mu kwandika n'igisubizo c'igerageza ry'uguhuza kwa porogaramu y'umubiri -inyandiko n'umuderi wawe w'ingufuro imbere y'uko PO isohoka. Ica kabiri ni ugufata lock-platform compatibility nk'ingorane y'umuguzi yo gutorera umuti inyuma y'ivyo aho gufata spec yemejwe imbere y'uko ikorwa. Uko nyene ni ko batch iheza ikacapwa neza kandi idashobora gufungura urugi rumwe. Ica gatatu ni ukwiyumvira ko urufunguzo rwo kuri telefone ngendanwa canke rwa telefone-rwihuta gukingira kuruta ikarita y’umubiri; mu bikorwa vyinshi vy'ubu telefone iriko irigana iyo nkuru nyene y'inyuma, rero urugero rw'intege nke ntirukomera kubera gusa rwerekanwa ku gicapo.
Ehe rero igituma "bavumbuye inyuma y'aho barungikiye" ari co gice gizimvye, concretement. Ku rugendo rw’amakarata 5.000-, amakarata amajana make ya mbere yafashwe nk’akarorero igihe yemezwa yasomwa neza; ivyo bihembo ntibigaragara gushika umutungo uriko urakora no gusohora ku rwego rwo hejuru, igihe igipimo co kunanirwa co gusoma-gishobora gutangura kuduga ahantu harenga ikarita ya 3.000, igihe ikibazo co gushiramwo amakuru canke co gutunganya antene-casubiwemwo mu gice cose. Ico gihe igikosora si ugusubira -spec, ni ugusubira gukora. Uwo ni wo mugwiza wihishije inyuma y’igiciro gito c’ikintu ku bijanye n’ugusaba kw’amapakete y’urufunguzo rwinshi.
Ivyo Bibera ku Kibanza cacu co Gukoreramwo Imbere y’uko Ikarata Irungikwa
Ico ni co gice benshi mu bagurisha muri iki kiciro badashobora kuvugako, kuko benshi muri bo basubira kugurisha amakarata akodejwe n’uwundi muntu. Chip bonding na encoding ni intambwe zibiri aho ingorane zo guhuza zikomoka kenshi, kandi intambwe zibiri umutangazamakuru ntaco abonamwo.
Twirukira twese mu -inzu. Ivyo bisigura gukorana n'amategeko y'ubwakiranyi asubiramwo mu rugero rw'amakarata imiliyoni zibiri ku mwaka ku bakiriya basubiramwo, hamwe n'umubare nk'uwo ku bijanye n'ugushiramwo amahera y'imyidagaduro-yamara igihe kirekire. Ivyo ni ibigereranyo vyo gusubiramwo bigumaho gusa iyo gushiramwo amakuru no gusoma biguma bihuye igice ku kindi, atari ku citegererezo cemejwe gusa. Ikarata yose iva hasi ica mu kigeragezo c'isohoka 100% imbere yo gupakira, iyo ni intambwe ifata ukudahuza kw'inkode imbere y'uko iba ingorane y'imbere-imeza aho kuba inyuma.
Kuronka Uguhuza-Icitegererezo Casuzumwe Imbere yo Gusaba
Uburyo bwihuta bwo gufunga ikinogo kiri hagati y’urupapuro rw’ibimenyetso n’ico mu vy’ukuri kigufungurira inzugi ni ukugerageza imbere y’uko wiyemeza kwiruka. Sangira urubuga rwawe rwo gufunga (Saflok, Onity, Dormakaba, canke uwundi murongo) n’umubare w’ibintu, maze turashobora kurungika akaroreroIkarata y'urufunguzo rwa RFIDencoded kugira ngo ihure n'ibikoresho vyawe biriho, rero uguhuza kwishurwa imbere, atari inyuma, itegeko ryuzuye ry'ubwato. Ushobora gutangura ico kiyago biciye ku rubuga rwacu .urupapuro rw'itohoza.
IBIBAZO bibazwa
Ikibazo: Ipakete y’urufunguzo ni iki?
I: Mu kwakira abashitsi, urufunguzo ni urupapuro rwacapuwe canke igikoresho gifata ikarita y’urufunguzo rw’icumba. Irinda ikarita kandi ifise ikimenyetso, ariko nta gikorwa c’umutekano w’ubuhinga bwa none ifise.
Ikibazo: Mbega urufunguzo rwa RFID ruratekanye kuruta urufunguzo rusanzwe?
I: Ipakete ntigena umutekano; igice kiri imbere muri iyo karata kirabikora. Igipapuro gifise ikimenyetso, gicapwe neza-kikuje ikarita ishobora guhindurwa nta bundi burinzi gitanga.
Ikibazo: Mbega amakarata y’urufunguzo rw’amahoteli yoshobora guhindurwa?
Ego, mu bihe bimwe bimwe. Ikarata za kera za MIFARE Classic zikoresha Crypto-1 zari zishobora guhungabana kuva mu 2008, kandi ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2024 bwarerekanye ko hariho ubuhinga bumwe bumwe bushobora gukorwa n’umusomyi-umwanditsi atari menshi be n’ikarita imwe y’umushyitsi yakoreshwa mbere.
Ikibazo: Ni chip iyihe ikarita y’urufunguzo rw’ahoteri itekanye ikwiye gukoresha?
I: Ivyuma bikoresha AES-128 bifise ukwemeza ko ari vyo, nka MIFARE Plus SL3 canke DESFire, bitanga ubushobozi bwo gukora neza kuruta amakarita ya UID gusa canke MIFARE Classic, igihe gusa porogarama y’ingufu zashizweho ifasha kubisoma kuri urwo rwego.
Ikibazo: Mbega abafise amakarata y’urufunguzo asanzwe barabuza gukoresha RFID?
I: Oya. Ipakete y’urufunguzo rw’impapuro isanzwe nta n’ingabo itanga. Niba gucapura ari ikintu gihangayikishije, igipfukisho co kubuza RFID-kigomba gusobanurwamwo gitandukanye n'ikarita.
Wohereze Itohoza